The continent of Africa is reported with an approximate population of 1.2 billion people, with 60% of this total population residing in rural area, whereas rural electrification accounts for approximately 45% of this total (The Alliance for Rural Electrification (ARE), 2020). The sustainable energy development aims to create access to reliable and sustainable electricity supply for all by 2030. Furthermore, the model accounts for a 90% renewable energy fraction, with a significant reduction in the amount of annual GHG emissions, when compared with a generation system using diesel generator only. The sensitivity analysis observed that a reduction in the discount rate consequently reduces the LCOE of such a system. With an expected annual generation of (75,121 kWh), PV/DG/BS was obtained to be the most optimal solution. Furthermore, the least LCOE was obtained for the system comprising PV/DG/BS ($0.336/kWh). Similarly, in a respective manner, the highest and least NPC were obtained for systems with DG only ($496,336) and PV/DG/BS ($152,491) over a 25-year project lifetime. Key findings from the simulation result indicate that systems consisting of DG only ($29,750) and SPV/BS ($110,131) obtained the least and highest CC, respectively. Economic parameters such as Cost of Capital (CC), Net Present Cost (NPC), Levelized Cost of Electricity (LCOE)), technical parameters (energy production characteristics), and greenhouse gases emissions were compared and analyzed.

Simulation, optimization, and sensitivity analyses of each one of the individual power generation systems were carried out using HOMER software. An assessment of the total electrical load estimated an expected daily consumption of 178 kWh.

This paper presents a comparative techno-economic analysis carried out to determine the most feasible of four individual options for off-grid mini-grid power generation system utilizing sources that include: Solar Photo Voltaic (SPV), Diesel Generator (DG), and Battery Storage (BS) system, to provide electricity for a rural and remote village located in the northwestern part of Sierra Leone (longitude 9.1°W and latitude 12.6°N), with an average daily solar irradiance between 4.6 and 6 kWh/m 2/day. In Sierra Leone, with a rural population of over 5 million, the electrification rate accounts for less than 10% of the total inhabitants. Remote area electrification is a crucial need in sub-Saharan Africa’s drive to attain universal electrification.

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